Etai Charit פורסם מאי 8, 2009 דיווח פורסם מאי 8, 2009 שלום, מצאתי ברשת מסמך (קרדיט בפנים) שיכול מאוד לעזור בעריכת קובץ CFG של כל מטוס. תהנו. Comments on aircraft.cfg 12/23/02; 10/10/03; 01/22/05; 08/28/05 ron.freimuth@att.net This shows what is important for many of the aircraft.cfg lines and which have no effect unless FSEdit is used to FUBAR the AIR file. One can save a backup of the air file, then copy it back over any FSEdit messed up air file if FSEdit is used to edit aircraft.cfg. [WEIGHT_AND_BALANCE] << Values here are for C172N max_gross_weight= 2300 << For reference and FS9 Fuel menu only empty_weight = 1490 << Weight with no payload or fuel reference_datum_position = 3.66, 0.00, 0.00 << Offset from FS Reference Normally at Wing Chord/4, Centerline, Vertical offset Zoom in on side spot view to find location in .mdl and set wing location tanks, loads, etc. as appropriate. This may also involve up/down offsets Note: the FS Reference is at the Center of Lift empty_weight_CG_position =-3.50, 0.00, 0.00 << Sets CG when empty Usually set negative so empty CG is at FS Reference, which is typically at 25% of Wing Mean Aerodyanic Chord max_number_of_stations=20 << Set to 20 unless more are needed ; no wght, long, lat, vert station_load.0 = 190, -3.2, -1.1, 0.0 //Pilot station_load.1 = 150, -3.2, 1.1, 0.0 //Co-Pilot station_load.2 = 97 , -6.1, 1.1, 0.0 //Rear Passenger station_load.3 = 49 , -6.1, -1.1, 0.0 //Rear Passenger station_load.4 = 0.0, -8.0, 0.0, 0.0 //Baggage ; 1490 empty << My comments and calculations ; 486 passengers and baggage ; 324 fuel 54 gal * 6.0 ; 2300 lb //Moments of Inertia empty_weight_roll_MOI = 948 // In slug-ft2 empty_weight_pitch_MOI = 1346 empty_weight_yaw_MOI = 1967 empty_weight_coupled_MOI= 0 << Usually 0, can reduce Yaw-Roll Stability CG_forward_limit= 0.150 << Not currently used. AFSD displays as "%" CG_aft_limit= 0.350 << " " There are various sources that give the Moments of Intertia for many AC. Note Yaw MoI is near Pitch + Roll. Given the same AC form, they vary as AC_Length^5. Or, with Weight^2. ---------------------------------- The offsets below are based on Reference Datum offset = 0, 0, 0. Otherwise, the distances along the fuselage change. Entries marked "No Effect" are used by FSEdit to set new parmeters in the AIR file. Some of these are inappropriate. "No Effect" entries may affect FFB JS's, so it is desirable to set tail areas and distances at least approximately. [airplane_geometry] wing_area=1700.0 << Most important wing_span=108.0 << Also Important wing_root_chord=15.7 << No Effect, FS calculates MAC. Probably as MAC=area/span. AR=b^2/S; MAC=b/AR wing_dihedral=3.0 << Probably affects MAC Vertical Offset. This can be set from front view. wing_incidence=0.70 << This, and twist, affect cruise pitch wing_twist=-3.0 << However, they have No Effect in FS9. TBL 404 must be adjusted. There is a parameter in the AIR file that should be changed when either of the above are changed: REC 1101 "Fuselage AoA at Min Induced Drag" Changing 'cruise_lift_scalar' (below) to adjust cruise pitch also requires change in REC 1101. Otherwise Induced Drag will be off oswald_efficiency_factor=0. << Affects Induced Drag Typically 0.70 low wing, 0. high wing, 0.78 for jet transports wing_winglets_flag=0 << 1=T Reduces Induced Drag Appears to improve oswald_efficiency by 7%, often too much May be better to not use, and set oswald_efficiency slightly higher wing_sweep=0.0 << wing_pos_apex_lon has to be moved forward of the LE of the MAC if this is set wing_pos_apex_lon=3.93 << Set to MAC/4 15.7/4 = 3.93 This appears to only set the %CG reading offset, not the Center of Lift (normally 25% of MAC aft the LE) The Center of Lift is at the FS_Reference ! wing_pos_apex_vert=0.0 << may be + 2.0 for high wing htail_area=376.0 << No Effect htail_span=35.75 << No Effect htail_pos_lon=-65.9 << No Effect htail_pos_vert=19.29 << No Effect htail_incidence=2.0 << 0.0 to 3.0 may improve pitch stability Set Sign for DOWN force on tail. H. Stab CL ~-0.02 (~5% of CL wing in cruise [AFSD displays this]) htail_sweep=0.0 << No Effect vtail_area=356.0 << No Effect vtail_span=21.5 << No Effect vtail_sweep=0.0 << No Effect vtail_pos_lon=-46.2 << No Effect vtail_pos_vert=15.1 << No Effect elevator_area=108.0 << No Effect aileron_area=67.4 << No Effect rudder_area=66.2 << No Effect elevator_up_limit=27.0 << Can be found in FAA TCDS data elevator_down_limit=17.0 << FAA TCDS data aileron_up_limit=17.0 << FAA TCDS data aileron_down_limit=17.0 << FAA TCDS data rudder_limit=25.0 << FAA TCDS data elevator_trim_limit=13.0 << FAA TCDS data (set to H. Stab limit for jets) spoiler_limit=60.0 << FAA TCDS data spoilerons_available=1 << 1=T, 0=F aileron_to_spoileron_gain=2.6 << Ratio of spoileron to aileron deflection min_ailerons_for_spoilerons=8.5 << Degrees. Might be 0 min_flaps_for_spoilerons=0.0 << Flaps deflection required for spoilerons Spoilerons increase Roll Rate when moved. Amount set in AIR file. [Reference Speeds] flaps_up_stall_speed=165 << Probably no effect but set if missing on AC load full_flaps_stall_speed=132 << Probably no effect " " cruise_speed=434.8 << Used for AI and Nav Log I think this should be in IAS cruise speed if used as an AI aircraft so it doesn't fly too fast. About 260 kts for jets. However, it should be set to TAS cruise speed for the FS Nav Log time predictions [flaps.0] type=1 // 1 - tail, 2 - lead << No Effect span-outboard=0.41 // 0.0 .. 1.0 << No Effect extending-time=8 // seconds system_type = 0 << 0=elec, 1=hydraulic, .. lift_scalar=1.00 << Adjusts AIR file value drag_scalar=1.00 << Adjusts AIR file value pitch_scalar=1.00 << Adjusts AIR file value flaps-position.0=0 << degrees flaps-position.1=15 flaps-position.2=35 damaging-speed=140 << Optional blowout-speed=180 << Optional [flight_tuning] cruise_lift_scalar = 1.0 << SDK: "use to adjust cruise pitch" This also affects location of Induced Drag parabola. See "wing_twist" above. parasite_drag_scalar = 1.0 << Adjusts "Drag - Zero Lift" Often too high in jet AIR files, 0.8 might be appropriate for such files Set for appropriate TAS or PPH but see "TurbineEngine" induced_drag_scalar = 1.0 << 1.0 should be good if 'oswald_efficiency_factor' appropriate elevator_effectiveness= 1.0 << These three might be set as required aileron_effectiveness = 1.0 rudder_effectiveness = 1.0 pitch_stability = 1.0 << Increase if ALT hold 'hunts' roll_stability = 1.0 << Damps Roll, reduces roll rate yaw_stability = 1.0 << Increase if AC is unstable in Yaw Dampings are often too high in AIR files Set < 1.0 to improve (this also requires reduction in elevator_effectiveness, etc, above elevator_trim_effectiveness= 1.0 << Enough so AC almost stalls at full UP trim aileron_trim_effectiveness = 1.0 << Lower gives finer control - often desirable rudder_trim_effectiveness = 1.0 << " " [TurbineEngineData] fuel_flow_gain=0.004 << Affects spool up rate by changing fuel controller gain inlet_area=9. << Set near or 10% above real turbine inlet area to start. Higher values increase ram drag, less net thrust at high speeds rated_N2_rpm = 12250 << can be left at 29920 static_thrust= 17000 << Set to get rated thrust at rated SL N1 This may be lower or higher than actual TO rating, full throttle usually sets higher than rated TO thrust afterburner_available=0 reverser_available = 1 << Reverse thrust. Value set in AIR file Insufficient Reverse thrust can be fixed by increasing 'Reverse Thrust Throttle percent' to about -50 in AIR file (or to -0.50 in FS9 aircraft.cfg). [GeneralEngineData] engine_type= 1 Engine.0=-49.7,-9.3, 2.00 //moved up so thrust vector pitches nose down Engine.1=-65.1, 0.0, 3.00 Engine.2=-49.7, 9.3, 2.00 These locations are for the "center of thrust", not the engine! At prop location or about 2/3 of the way back along a turbine Up/Down from Vertical CG/CoL will add a pitching moment with power changes fuel_flow_scalar=1.60 << Sets SFC=0. for 1970's turbine This should always be above 1.0 for turbines. SFC=fuel_flow_scalar/2 Typical Specific Fuel Consumption cruise values range from 0.55 to 0.90 So, fuel_flow_scalar would be 1.1 to 1.8. Maybe 2.5 for old Military jet Then, set Cdo or parasite_drag_scalar to get appropriate fuel flow in flight. If drag is appropriate to start, then fuel_flow_scalar can be adjusted to get correct fuel flow in cruise. ----------- Prop AC -------------- [GeneralEngineData] engine_type = 0 << reciprocating Engine.0 = 2.34, -0.40, 0.00 << Prop location! Prop is offset to the left here to compensate for prop effects fuel_flow_scalar= 1.00 << Adjusts fuel flow vs HP 1.00 is good for reciprocating engines (SFC=0.46 at best power mixture) [smokeSystem] //smoke.0 = -2.0,-0.0 ,2.0, fx_smoke_rx [piston_engine] cylinder_displacement=.0 << Total displacement/number of cylinders compression_ratio=9.0 << Small effect on HP, lower reduces it number_of_cylinders=4 << Power is proportional to number of cylinders max_rated_rpm=2750 << Sets RPM for governed prop max_rated_hp=160 << Changes engine sound level and CHT, etc. NOT HP! fuel_metering_type=1 << 0 for fuel injected (which maintains power inverted) cooling_type=0 << 1 for water normalized_starter_torque=0.1 << Lower slows engine start up turbocharged=0 max_design_mp=0.0 << Typically 35.0 for turbocharged engine min_design_mp=0.0 << 5.0 might be appropriate critical_altitude=0.0 << Maximum altitude turbocharger holds full MP Best set to altitude maximum rated MP, not max SL MP is maintained emergency_boost_type=0 emergency_boost_mp_offset=0.0 << Can't use in FS2K2, for CFS3? emergency_boost_gain_offset=0.0 << " " fuel_air_auto_mixture=0 << 1 locks out mixture control auto_ignition=0 fuel_flow_scalar=1.0 << Only works in [GeneralEngineData] max_rpm_mechanical_efficiency_scalar=1.0 <idle_rpm_mechanical_efficiency_scalar=1.0 < These two adjust the end points of TBL 508 in the AIR file "max_rpm_..._scalar" can be used to ADJUST SHP at SL (59F, 29.92") max_rpm_friction_scalar=1.0 << Affects HP at high RPM, increasing reduces ceiling idle_rpm_friction_scalar=1.0 << Affects idle RPM These two adjust the end points of TBL 509 in the AIR file Increase in max_rpm_friction may require increase in 'max_rpm_efficiency' above power_scalar=1.0 << Adjusts HP from norm, probably scales TBL 508, internal torque vs RPM [propeller] propeller_type=1 << 1 = Fixed Pitch, 2 = Variable Pitch propeller_diameter=6.25 << Critical, small increase loads engine more propeller_blades=2 << No Effect propeller_moi=2.0 << Affects Prop gyro effects and RPM change rate ~(0.6/386)*Weight_Prop*Dp^2; Or, try 2.0*(Dp/6.25)^5 (based on C172 prop) beta_max=35.0 << For Variable Pitch props beta_min=15.0 << " " Prop tbls in AIR file limit usable beta_max and beta_min min_gov_rpm=1400.0 << For Governed Props, 1600 is probably better prop_tc=0.010 << RECIPROCAL of Prop Governor Time Constant Lower smooths RPM changes, 0.002 may be appropriate gear_reduction_ratio=1.0 << Above 1.0 if prop RPM < engine RPM fixed_pitch_beta=20.0 << Sets fixed pitch blade angle. low_speed_theory_limit=.0 << Lower may reduce TO distance - but .0 is good prop_sync_available=0 << Twins prop_deice_available=0 << This works if set to '1' prop_feathering_available=0 << Usually '1' for Twins prop_auto_feathering_available=0 << " " min_rpm_for_feather=0 << Often 700.0 (RPM) beta_feather=0.0 << Feathered blade angle, ~82.0 deg power_absorbed_cf=0.0 << Prop Cp at Feathered Beta May affect Idle RPM if beta_feather=0 defeathering_accumulators_available=0 prop_reverse_available=0 minimum_on_ground_beta=0.0 << Set to beta_min if no turboprop 'Beta' control is needed minimum_reverse_beta=0.0 << ~-12 deg if used thrust_scalar=1.0 << Leave at 1.0 rotation=1,1,-1,-1 << This would set CW rotation for engs #1 & #2, CCW for #3 & #4 Only needed if CCW rotating engines are desired. '0' sets zero rotation [electrical] ;BusTypes:0=MainBus, 1=AvionicsBus, ;2=BatteryBus, 3=HotBatteryBus, ;4-7=Generator/AlternatorBus(1-4) max_battery_voltage=25.2 << 1/2 this for 12 V system generator_alternator_voltage=28.5 << " " max_generator_alternator_amps=50.0 << Probably sets load limit ; BusType, MaxAmpLoad, MinVoltage flap_motor = 0, 10, 18.0 << 1/2 these values for 12 V system gear_motor = 0, 15, 17.0 autopilot = 0, 5 , 21.0 avionics_bus = 0, 10, 17.0 avionics = 1, 5 , 22.0 pitot_heat = 0, 2 , 17.0 additional_system = 0, 1 , 16.0 << Clock and Elec Turn Indicator marker_beacon = 1, 1 , 17.0 gear_warning = 0, 1 , 17.0 fuel_pump = 0, 2 , 17.0 starter1 = 0,200, 16.0 light_nav = 0, 3 , 17.0 light_beacon = 0, 3 , 17.0 light_landing = 0, 3 , 17.0 light_taxi = 0, 3 , 17.0 light_strobe = 0, 1 , 17.0 light_panel = 0, 1 , 17.0 Reduced currents extend battery life, especially if lights, etc. are turned off and 'additional_system' is set to 1 A. One can also make loads die at different voltages. [autopilot] //some for FS9 only autopilot_available = 1 flight_director_available = 1 default_vertical_speed = 1000 autothrottle_available = 1 //0 << Works to hold IAS/Mach in all AC autoland_available = 1 //0 << May cut engine after ILS landing pitch_takeoff_ga = 10.0 //9.0 Set so AC climbs well with Shft-Ctl-G TO autothrottle_arming_required=0 autothrottle_takeoff_ga = 0 << RPM locked for TO autothrottle_max_rpm = 105 << Holds N2 or Prop RPM, set >100 for CS props use_no_default_pitch = 1 // 0 = Default to current pitch mode, 1 = No default use_no_default_bank = 1 // 0 = Default to Wing Leveler mode, 1 = No default default_pitch_mode=0 default_bank_mode=0 max_pitch=10.0 // no effect except on GS lock max_pitch_acceleration = 3.0 //1.000 max_pitch_velocity_lo_alt=3.0 //2.000 max_pitch_velocity_hi_alt=1.500 max_pitch_velocity_lo_alt_breakpoint=20000.0 max_pitch_velocity_hi_alt_breakpoint=28000.0 max_bank=25.00 max_bank_acceleration=1. max_bank_velocity=3.00 max_throttle_rate=3.50 // set lower if rpm surges nav_proportional_control = 15.0 //default '9.00' nav_integrator_control = 0.15 //0.250 nav_derivative_control = 15.0 //Should affect damping, 15 may be too high //0.00 nav_integrator_boundary = 2.50 nav_derivative_boundary = 0.00 //Might help if 45 deg and nav_deivative set gs_proportional_control = 26.0 //9.52 Higher helps hold GS gs_integrator_control = 0.260 gs_derivative_control = 10.0 //Should affect damping, 10 may be too high //0.000 gs_integrator_boundary = 0.70 //1.5 deg may help gs_derivative_boundary = 0.00 //10 deg might improve GS if gs_derivative set yaw_damper_gain = 2.0 //0.0 disables YD, little difference above 1.0 ------- FS9 Addition(s) ------------------- // ADD to aircraft.cfg so IAS reads same as in FS2K2 ! [airspeed_indicators] //IAS adjustment parameters airspeed_indicator.0 = 0.9826, 0.0 //Appropriate values for Jet AC These values will change '255 kts' IAS at Mach 0.745, FL 350 to '250 kts'. Which is essentially CAS airspeed_indicator.0 = 1.111, -10.0 //Appropriate for C182, C208, etc. IAS displays 100 kts at CAS = 100 kts The "1.111" is equivalent to the "Weighting Factor" scaled integer In REC 1101 of the AIR file. The "-10.0" is the IAS "Base Offset"
